1133 Pope Innocent II crowns Lothar III Holy Roman Emperor at Rome

1362 Battle of Brignais: The Free Companions defeat the French

1509 Pisa surrenders to Florence, after a siege of nearly two years

1520 The "First Summit": The Field of the Cloth of Gold - Henry VIII of England meets with Francis I of France

1525 Battle of Ingolstadt: German Tauber rebels crushed

1543 Condottiero Fabiano de Monte attempts a coup against San Marino

1615 Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu captures Osaka after a six-month siege.

1647 English Puritan troops capture King Charles I

1745 Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick the Great defeats Austrians & Saxons

1746 Battle of San Lorenzo: Austro-Sardinians defeat the French

1763 The Chippewa capture Fort Michilimackinac from the English

1783 The Montgolfier brothers launched the first unmanned hot-air balloon

1784 Dressed as the goddess Minerva, opera star Mme Élisabeth Thible/Tible becomes the first woman to go aloft in a balloon

1789 The Constitution of the United States goes into effect

1794 British troops captured Port-au-Prince, Haiti

1799 First Battle of Zurich, Day 1: Austrians v. French (ends 7th)

1829 Magazine explosion destroys steam frigate USS 'Demologos', Brooklyn Navy Yard, 30 die.

1831 Duke Leopold of Kendal proclaimed the first king of Belgium (1831-1865)

1854 Anti-Catholic Riot in Brooklyn: Radical Protestant preachers incite violence against Catholics, who retaliate, requiring the intervention of the 14th Militia

1859 Battle of Magenta: Franco-Sardinian forces under Napoleon III defeated the Austrians

1862 Confederates evacuate Ft Pillow, Tenn

1918 US & French halt the Germans at Chateau-Thierry

1918 New York City initiates 13 nights of blackout conditions due to rumors of an attack by aircraft launched from U-boats

1920 Peace of Trianon between Allies & Hungary

1924 Eternal light dedicated at Madison Square to commemorate New Yorkers killed in WW I

1927 Pres Coolidge reviews the US Fleet in the Chesapeake

1932 Carlos Davila stages a coup against Pres Juan Montero of Chile, initiating a short-lived República Socialista de Chile (Jun 4-Sep 13, 1932)

1934 USS 'Ranger' (CV-4) commissioned, first US purpose-built carrier

1940 "Miracle of Dunkirk" ends: over 300,000 troops evacuated, prompting Winston Churchill's "We shall fight them on the beaches . . . " speech

1942 Aleutians Campaign: Japaneseaircraftbomb Dutch Harbor

1942 Battle of Midway: Japanese lose four CVs, USS 'Yorktown' badly damaged

1944 Allied forces liberate Rome

1944 The USS 'Guadalcanal' (CVE-60) ASW Group takes 'U-505'; 1st USN capture of a foreign warship taken at sea since 1815

1944 Paddlewheel training carrier 'Wolverine' sets a record of 633aircraftlandings in one day, mostly "touch and goes"

1945 Okinawa: 6th Marine Division secures the Orokoe Peninsula

1954 France grants Vietnam independence within the French Union

1956 Khrushchev's speech blasting Stalin is made public

1960 Heavy Red Chinese artillery bombardment of Nationalist-held Quemoy Is.

1963 British Minister of War John Profumo resigns over an affair with Christine Keeler

1974 First Woman Army Aviator: Sally Murphy

1976 Puerto Rican nationalists detonate a bomb in the Cook County Courthouse, Chicago, sparking rioting in some areas1982Israel attacks targets in south Lebanon

1989 Chinese People's Liberation Army troops fire on and drive over democracy advocates in Tiananmen Square, Beijing; hundreds, possibly thousands die

1991 Non-communist government installed in Albania